Java EE 7 is around for a few years already, and provides several very useful and long-awaited features, like entity graphs and better support for stored procedures and results mapping. For an overview, have a look at Thorben Janssen’s blog post. The query capabilities were also enhanced, with 3 additional keywords. All of them are available in both JPQL and Criteria API:
ON keyword to specify conditions for JOINs
FUNCTION to call arbitrary database function
TREAT to downcast entities to their specific type
In this post, I’ll focus on the first of them – the ON keyword in JOINs.
JPA provides essentially 2 types of locking mechanisms to help synchronize access to entities. Both mechanisms prevent a scenario, where 2 transactions overwrite data of each other without knowing it.
By entity locking, we typically want to prevent following scenario with 2 parallel transactions:
Adam’s transaction reads data X
Barbara’s transaction reads data X
Adam’s transaction modifies data X, and changes it to XA
Adam’s transaction writes data XA
Barbara’s transaction modifies data X and changes it to XB
Barbara’s transaction writes data XB
As a result, changes done by Adam are completely gone and overwritten by Barbara without her even noticing. A scenario like this is sometimes called dirty-read. Obviously, a desired result is that Adam writes XA, and Barbara is forced to review XA changes before writing XB.
<!-- turn off 2nd level caching (optional), values:
NONE, ALL, DISABLE_SELECTIVE, ENABLE_SELECTIVE, --><shared-cache-mode>NONE</shared-cache-mode><!-- desired provider (optional),
if not present, default provider will be used --><provider>org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.PersistenceProvider</provider><!-- if true, only listed classes will be treated as entities.
Default false.
Not applicable for Java SE, where every entity must be listed --><exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes><!-- optional declaration of used datasource.
If not specified, connection properties must be specified.
Otherwise will use the referenced datasource provided by the container --><jta-data-source>jdbc/ds</jta-data-source>Code language:HTML, XML(xml)
These elements can be overridden with the following properties, if a map is passed to EntityManagerFactory:
javax.persistence.provider to define the provider class used
javax.persistence.transactionType to define the transaction type used (either JTA or RESOURCE_LOCAL)
javax.persistence.jtaDataSource to define the JTA datasource name in JNDI
javax.persistence.nonJtaDataSource to define the non JTA datasource name in JNDI
javax.persistence.lock.timeout – pessimistic lock timeout in milliseconds (Integer or String)
javax.persistence.query.timeout – query timeout in milliseconds (Integer or String)
javax.persistence.sharedCache.mode corresponds to the share-cache-mode element defined in Section 2.2.1, “Packaging”
javax.persistence.validation.mode corresponds to the validation-mode element defined in Section 2.2.1, “Packaging”
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